王者荣耀，从MOBA到棋牌时代的变迁与未来王者荣耀棋牌变化
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在2011年,《王者荣耀》正式上线，凭借其独特的游戏模式和简单易上手的操作，迅速成为中国乃至全球范围内现象级的手机游戏，自那时起，游戏不仅改变了中国的游戏市场，更深刻地影响了整个游戏产业的格局，从最初的MOBA（多玩家在线竞技游戏）到如今的棋牌类游戏，王者荣耀的每一次进化都不仅仅是游戏形式的改变，更是整个游戏生态和玩家行为模式的深刻变革，本文将从游戏类型、内容演变、玩家群体以及行业影响四个方面，探讨王者荣耀从MOBA到棋牌时代的变迁，以及这种变迁对未来游戏发展的影响。
从MOBA到棋牌：游戏类型的根本性转变
在2011年之前,中国的手机游戏市场主要以休闲娱乐类游戏为主，玩家群体以青少年为主，游戏类型多以2D横版射击、角色扮演等为主，而《王者荣耀》的出现，标志着中国游戏市场进入了一个全新的阶段，这款游戏不仅是一款简单的移动游戏，更是一款以团队合作为核心的MOBA（多玩家在线竞技游戏）。
MOBA游戏的核心在于玩家之间的团队协作和策略配合,在《王者荣耀》中，玩家需要通过选择不同的英雄、组合不同的技能，共同击败对手，这种团队合作的模式，与传统的休闲游戏有很大的不同，传统的休闲游戏通常以单人玩法为主，玩家的胜负并不影响游戏体验，而MOBA游戏则要求玩家在有限的资源和时间内，做出最优的决策，以确保团队的胜利。
这种转变不仅体现在游戏类型上,还体现在游戏机制的设计上，MOBA游戏通常采用5v5的对战模式，玩家需要在地图上移动，选择适合的位置，进行技能的使用和英雄的组合，这种高自由度的游戏机制，使得游戏更加有趣，也更加具有挑战性。
的持续演变：从英雄对战到多样化的玩法
在MOBA游戏的基础上,《王者荣耀》迅速发展出一套独特的游戏内容体系，游戏中的英雄池经过多次调整，从最初的几十个英雄，逐渐发展到现在的120个英雄，每个英雄都有独特的技能和背景故事，玩家可以通过培养和升级这些英雄，打造属于自己的阵容。
游戏中的技能机制也经历了多次改进,早期的技能机制比较简单，玩家只能使用基础技能和大招，而随着游戏的发展，技能的种类和效果越来越复杂，团战技能、群体控制技能、沉默技能等，这些技能的组合使用，使得游戏更加有趣，也更加具有策略性。
游戏节奏的调整也是《王者荣耀》发展的一个重要方面，早期的游戏节奏较为缓慢，玩家需要耐心地等待技能的 cooldown和英雄的培养，而随着游戏的发展，游戏节奏逐渐加快，玩家需要更快地做出决策，以确保游戏的流畅性和趣味性。
玩家群体的多元化：从MOBA到棋牌的延伸
《王者荣耀》的成功，离不开其广泛的玩家群体，从最初的青少年玩家，到后来的成年玩家，再到现在的全球玩家，游戏的玩家群体不断扩展，这种扩展不仅仅是年龄的扩展，更是玩家兴趣和喜好的扩展。
游戏中的英雄池和技能机制,为不同类型的玩家提供了不同的选择，对于喜欢团战和高爆发输出的玩家来说，可以尝试使用一些高爆发的英雄和技能；而对于喜欢控制和微操的玩家来说，可以选择一些控制型英雄和技能，这种多样性使得游戏更加有趣，也更加具有吸引力。
游戏中的社交功能也是玩家群体扩展的重要因素,游戏中的好友系统、语音聊天、组队玩法等，使得玩家能够在游戏中结识志同道合的朋友，分享游戏体验，提升游戏的粘性和活跃度。
游戏生态的持续演进：从MOBA到棋牌的延伸
《王者荣耀》的成功，离不开其丰富的游戏生态，游戏中的皮肤、道具、外挂等现象，都是游戏生态发展的重要组成部分，皮肤的多样化使得游戏的外观更加美观，道具的丰富性增加了游戏的可玩性和趣味性，而外挂的出现则为游戏带来了新的挑战和乐趣。
游戏中的 monetization 也是游戏生态发展的重要方面，游戏中的皮肤、道具、外挂等都可以通过游戏内购买或游戏外购买的方式获得，玩家可以根据自己的喜好和预算，选择不同的游戏体验。 monetization 的方式也逐渐多样化，例如游戏内的皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤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